Burrs koyaushe sun kasance "matsala" donmasana'antun bangare, kuma ba su ne kawai abin da zai iya zama matsala ba. Wasu lokuta ana buƙatar ɓangarori su kasance da kaifi mai kaifi, mara ci gaba, kuma wasu lokutan ana buƙatar samun gefuna masu zagaye tare da takamaiman girman ma'auni. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin ɓarna dole ne ya lalata saman da ke kusa, canza launin sashin ko sanya oxide ko wasu kayan a saman ɓangaren.

Yawancin masana'antun ɓangaren suna neman ƙarin hanyoyin ɓarna masu tsada, ingantattun hanyoyin datsa gefen baki, saurin sarrafa sauri da ƙarancin tasiri mara kyau. Koyaya, sarkakiyar ɓangaren haɗe tare da kaddarorin kayan mawuyacin hali sukan sanya deburring babban ƙalubale. Wasu masana'antun dole ne su cire burrs da sauri kuma gaba ɗaya. Misali, don daidaita tsarin samar da sashi kuma a guji rage jinkirin layin samarwa, yawancin masana'antun kera motoci dole ne su lalata wani sashi cikin kasa da dakika hudu. Sauran masana'antun ɓangaren suna da niyyar tabbatar da cewa ɓangarorin ɓangaren suna da madaidaiciya kuma ana iya maimaita lissafi.

Anan akwai matakai 10 na ƙalubalen ƙalubalen ƙalubale da hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don samun nasara, kodayake duk waɗannan hanyoyin ɓarna na iya samun gazawa iri ɗaya ko wata.

(1) Abubuwan Hadadde

Sassan hadawa suna daga cikin mawuyacin hali don ɓarna. Wasu abubuwan hadawa sun kunshi karafa biyu, yayin da wasu (kamar allon kewaya) sun kunshi bangarori daban -daban na robobi, yumbu da karafa. Wasu abubuwan haɗin sararin sama (kamar carbon fiber/aluminum composites) suna da matuƙar ƙarfin ƙarfi/nauyi, amma dole ɓangarorin sassan jirgin sama su cika ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatu don amincin jirgin.

Buɗewar gefuna na abubuwan haɗaɗɗen abubuwa masu yawa (watau wuraren da aka fallasa a sama da ƙasa) suna da saukin kamuwa da fashewa, matsanancin damuwa, ɓarnawar delamination, shafan danshi, ci gaba da lalacewa, da lalata lalata sinadarai. Duk waɗannan matsalolin na iya yin illa ga rayuwa ko aikin samfur. Deburring, a gefe guda, yana da yuwuwar haddasawa da gujewa ko inganta waɗannan matsalolin.


Hoto 1 Deburring wani sashi na abubuwa wanda ya ƙunshi yadudduka bakwai na kayan abu yana da ƙalubale sosai

Domin cimma daidaitattun sasanninta da saman, kowane abu a cikin hadaddun yana buƙatar kulawa daban. Sabili da haka, mafi kyawun tsari don haɓaka halayen inganci na abu ɗaya na iya cutar da sauran.

Akwai wata tambaya mafi mahimmanci: Menene ke ƙayyade gefuna lokacin sarrafa abubuwa daban -daban? Gaba ɗaya an yarda cewa gefen shine kwane -kwane da ake gani akan farfajiyar waje. Koyaya, don kayan haɗin gwiwa, kowane juzu'i daga ɗayan kayan zuwa wani na iya zama gefe. Don haka, samfuran samfuran na iya samun gefuna na ciki da yawa, kuma kowane gefen na iya zama mai mahimmanci ga aikin samfur.

Lokacin lalata kayan haɗin gwiwa, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci kaddarorin kayan daban -daban a cikin hadaddun kuma menene buƙatun ingancin mai amfani don kowane ƙirar don rage girman burr. Duk da cewa ana iya samun masarrafa/kammalawa da yawa waɗanda duk zasu iya biyan mafi ƙarancin buƙatun inganci, yakamata a zaɓi mafi kyawun tsari daga cikinsu.

Yakamata a zaɓi kayan aiki mafi dacewa don tsarin ɓarna, wanda ke buƙatar haɗin gwiwa tare da mai ƙera kayan aiki don cin moriyar tushen ilimin su. Bugu da ƙari, yakamata a yi amfani da yanayin yanke mafi kyau don tabbatar da cewa yadudduka na kayan ba su delaminate da kwasfa.

(2) ramukan giciye

Ramin-giciye yana haifar da tsari mai girman girma uku, kuma kauri da tsayin burr a kowane wuri akan layin mahada yana nufin cewa tsarin ɓarna da ke kan girman burr ɗaya bazai yi tasiri ba.

Bugu da ƙari ga kayan aikin hannu na juyawa da wasu kayan aikin ɓarna na musamman, ɓarnawar zafi shine ingantacciyar hanyar ɓarna don sassan ƙarfe da yawa tare da ramukan giciye, gami da ƙananan ramukan diamita. Idan ana buƙatar kammala farfajiyar ramukan giciye, hanyar ɓarna ta electrochemical da extrusion honing abrasive flow process wanda Kennametal ya haɓaka kuma ana iya amfani da shi don samun manyan gefuna masu inganci akan kusan kowane saiti. Don manyan ramukan giciye na diamita, za a iya cika murƙushewa cikin sauri da inganci ta amfani da roba mai cike da abrasive ko kayan aikin zamiya na takarda.


Hoto 2 Kwatanta saman ramin giciye kafin (hagu) da bayan (dama) jiyya tare da kayan aikin ɓarna

Deburring ya zama mafi ƙalubale lokacin da ramin ramin ƙasa da 3.175 mm kuma zurfin ya fi sau 10 diamita, saboda yawancin kayan aikin ɓarna ko matakai suna da wahalar shiga cikin waɗannan ramuka masu zurfi da ƙananan. Misali, cire zurfin ramin giciye a cikin injin crankshaft na injin yana da matukar wahala, kuma saurin da ake buƙata don ɓarna a saurin samarwa yana ƙara wahalar da shi, saboda dole ne a yi duk ɓarna a cikin daƙiƙa huɗu ko ƙasa da haka.

(3) Gidajen watsawa

Lamarin watsa mota yana da "maze" mai rikitarwa na kunkuntar sassa, kuma burrs galibi suna nan a kowane gefen waɗannan hanyoyin da aka kera. Ƙungiyoyin masu rikitarwa sun sa ya zama ƙalubale mai wahala don cire waɗannan burrs gaba ɗaya. Goge nailan da ke cike da abrasive da sauran nau'ikan goge za su iya isa ƙarƙashin gefen kuma su cire burar ta hanyar juyawa da baya a gefen. Ana amfani da wannan dabarar ta ɓarna don ƙera gefuna a kan injin injin kera motoci wanda ke auna ɗaruruwan inci.


Hoto 3 Goge goge nailan mai cike da fa'ida cikin inganci yana cire burrs daga ƙananan hanyoyin a cikin gidajen watsawa ta atomatik

(4) Mai haɗawa da injin jet

Faifan impeller wani muhimmin sashi ne na injin turbine na jet tare da adadin gajerun injin turbin. Gabaɗaya ana sarrafa injin gabaɗaya kai tsaye daga ƙirƙira guda ɗaya, maimakon ƙera keɓaɓɓun ruwan wukake daban da kuma haɗa su a wuri ɗaya bayan ɗaya, sannan a gama murza. Kayan da aka yi amfani da su don samar da masu shigowa shine babban allo mai jure zafi wanda ke iya jure yanayin zafi na 1650 ° C, wanda yawanci abu ne mai wahala ga injin.

Waɗannan fayafai masu ƙima dole ne su kasance suna da madaidaicin bayanin martaba don samar da iska, kuma kowane gefen dole ne ya zama marar aibi, ma'ana babu burrs kuma yana da ikon ƙirƙirar takamaiman gefen (wanda zai iya bambanta daga jere zuwa jere na ruwan wukake). Robotic sarrafa kayan aiki haɗe tare da shirye -shiryen injinan CNC waɗanda ke rage ƙarancin ƙarni suna ba da mafi kyawun mafita don biyan waɗannan buƙatu masu tsauri.

(5) Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) resin

Saboda kyawawan kaddarorinsa na zahiri, inertness na sinadarai, da haɓaka yanayin rayuwa, ana amfani da PEEK a fannoni daban -daban na masana'antu kamar sararin samaniya da na'urorin likitanci. Koyaya, sassan PEEK da aka sarrafa sau da yawa suna barin burbushin gashin fuka-fuki, kuma masana'antun da yawa suna da wahalar cire waɗannan burbushin ba tare da yin watsi da ƙarshen sashin ba, girma, launi da sauran buƙatu.

Patrick Byrne, manajan tallace-tallace da tallace-tallace na Comco, mai kera kayan aikin fashewar micro abrasive, yayi bayanin cewa yayin da yake da wahala a cire burshi lafiya daga sassan PEEK tare da ƙananan kayan aiki, ana iya amfani da abrasive mai taurin micron don cire PEEK burrs a sama. gudu ba tare da rushe geometry da ƙarewar sassan sassa masu rikitarwa ba. Tsarin murƙushewa mai ƙarancin zafin jiki na iya zama mai tasiri wajen cire burrs na waje daga wasu sassan PEEK.


Hoto 4 Cire burrs akan sassan PEEK

(6) Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene)

Sassan Teflon suna da burrs waɗanda ke da wahalar cirewa, waɗanda ke canzawa lokacin da aka cire su, da burrs ɗin da ke lanƙwasa lokacin da aka yi sandblasted. Mabuɗin cire irin wannan burrs ɗin shine amfani da kayan aiki mai kaifi sosai ko kuma kafin a daskare sashin kafin yanke ko ƙura. Sassan Teflon daskararre ba su da tauri kuma suna iya hana ko rage samuwar burr yayin injin. Hakanan tsarin ya shafi sauran sassan filastik da yawa, amma lokacin daskarewa, dole ne a zaɓi zafin da ya dace don gujewa ɓarna ɓangaren.

(7) Hanyoyi

Yaushezaren mashin, ƙila za a iya ƙirƙirar burrs a ƙofar da fita daga ramin da aka ɗaure. Waɗannan burrs galibi suna kan saman ɓangarorin haƙoran da aka ɗaure da kuma gefen tsagi. Burrs a farkon da ƙarshen zaren sun yi kauri fiye da waɗanda ke saman zaren kuma suna kan jirage daban -daban. Sabili da haka, tsarin ɓarna guda ɗaya galibi ba ta da tasiri. Yin mirgina don kammala tsari na iya cire wasu burr akan zaren, amma ba a saman zaren ba.

Saboda ikon cire wasu burar, har yanzu ana amfani da tsarin jujjuyawar, amma dole ne a kula don hana ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen a cikin tsagi, wanda zai iya haifar da tsangwama yayin taro. Taɓarɓarewar hannu, ɓarna na lantarki da hanyoyin sarrafa zafi na SurfTran suna da tasiri sosai ga duk burrs ɗin zaren.


Siffa 5 Maɗaukaki a cikin kusurwar sun fi kamuwa da burrs

Lokacin tsara sassan don zama masu haƙurin burrs na iya magance wasu matsaloli. Tsarin mirgina zaren na iya samar da cikakkiyar zaren da babu burr. Bugu da ƙari, niƙa ma yana da tasiri wajen hana manyan burtsu.

(8) sassan katako na jirgin sama

Don rage nauyin jirgin wanda zai ƙara farashin mai, ɓangarori da yawa na tsarin jirgin saman suna da ramuka masu yawa. Sassan da aka kera su galibi suna da katanga, kuma duk wani lanƙwasa, tarkace, ko wasu lahani na iya sa ɓangarorin su kasa, saboda za a yi amfani da waɗannan ɓangarorin da aka jaddada a cikin jirgin sama tsawon shekaru da yawa, kuma buƙatunsu na tsaro suna da tsauri. Kasancewar da yawa daga cikin ramukan suna da zurfi kuma suna iya samun babban buƙatu don santsi na gefen bango yana sanya ɓarna tsari mai wahala.

Gogewar jijjiga tsari ne na yau da kullun da ake amfani da shi, amma yana buƙatar amfani da manyan injunan gogewa. Tsabtace goga shine mafi kyawun tsari, wanda ke goge burrs yayin da aka haɗa kayan aikin zuwa injin. Makullin aiwatarwa shine zaɓar siffar waya mai goga mai dacewa, abrasives da aka saka, tsayin waya mai goga da sigogi na sarrafawa.

(9) Micro inji sassa

Samar da ƙananan sassa (kamar ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙarfi, sanduna na bakin ciki da faranti na tserewa) koyaushe ya kasance ƙalubale mai wahala, waɗannan ɓangarorin suna buƙatar gefuna marasa ƙyalli a ƙarƙashin microscope na 30x da radius mai santsi wanda bai wuce 0.025 mm ba. a yau, ana buƙatar ƙananan sassan su zama ƙanana, girman sirara, kauri da yawa daga kaɗan zuwa miliyoyin, kuma a cikin nau'ikan kayan aikin da ba a iya misaltawa. Ƙananan ɓangarori da haƙuri, ƙimar ingancin ƙima mai ƙima, da ƙalubalen keɓaɓɓun abubuwan ƙarfe na titanium, ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar sifa, da sauran sabbin kayan a cikin ƙarfe da robobi sun ƙara rikitar da ƙarshen ƙananan sassan.

Magungunan gurɓataccen sunadarai, gogewar wutar lantarki, tumbling roller centrifugal da deburring na hannu suna dacewa da ƙananan sassan micro, amma wani lokacin, kawai mafita shine: don hana samuwar burrs a wuraren da ɓarna ke da wahala. Masana'antar ƙaramin tambari mai yiwuwa shine mafi kyawun misali na amfani da wannan hanyar sarrafawa mara bura. An kuma samar da mafita don sarrafa laser na ƙananan sassa, kamar sarrafa burr kyauta akan abubuwa da yawa tare da lasers picosecond da femtosecond. Hakanan, jagorori a masana'antar microforming sun ɓata lokaci mai yawa don gudanar da gwaje -gwaje don nazarin halayen kwararar ruwa a cikin ƙananan kyandirori da rage girman ɓarna da ake samu akan ƙananan sassan. Kodayake ana iya cire flutter da sauri tare da laser, ma'amala da ɓarna na ɓarna yana ɗaukar lokaci da kuɗi wanda za a iya kashewa a wani wuri.

(10) Ƙananan na'urorin likitanci

Ƙera kayan aikin likita wani yanki ne da ke da babban buƙatu. Misali, bayan sarrafa laser na jijiyoyin jijiyoyin bugun gini, "burrs laser" (narkar da tarkacen ƙarfe, don zama daidai) ana iya samun nasarar cire shi daga gefan stent ta gogewar lantarki. Sauran na'urorin likitanci waɗanda ke buƙatar shigar da su a cikin jiki (kamar sukuwar ƙashi, ƙyallen gyarawa, masu bugun zuciya da na’urorin sarrafa analgesic) dole ne su kasance marasa burshi don hana ɓarnar ƙarfe ta faɗa cikin jijiyoyin jini da shiga cikin zuciya, haka ma m ko yanke nama da ke kewaye. Bayan aikin cirewa, dole ne a tsabtace gefunan na'urar. Tunda waɗannan na'urori ko gefuna na iya yin girma kaɗan kaɗan kawai fiye da diamita na gashin mutum, ana buƙatar babban dubawa don sanin ko akwai burrs.


Hoto na 6 Don hana barbashi na ƙarfe shiga cikin tsarin zagayawar jini
Yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa dashen ɗan adam (alal misali, dunƙule kashin a cikin adadi) ba shi da kowane burrs

Bugu da ƙari, kayan aikin microsurgical suna da tsauraran buƙatu don ingancin baki. Gefen kayan aikin tiyata dole ne su zama bayyanannu, lebur kuma marasa ƙyalli, wanda ke buƙatar ƙarewa mai kyau sosai a kan ƙananan gefuna. Hakanan, dole ne a cire ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta daga saman kayan aikin.

Ingantaccen ɓarkewar sassa yana fuskantar matsaloli iri -iri, amma har ma da mafi ƙalubalebukatun sarrafawaza a iya saduwa da matakan lalata da kayan aikin da suka dace.