Shellauki harsashi mai rufewa da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin amplifier a matsayin misali, muna nazarin sastamping tsari, ƙera madaidaicin mutuƙar don tabbatar da ƙirƙirar lokaci guda don matsalolin tsangwama da matsalolin fasaha a tsarin lanƙwasa, da haɓaka ingantaccen aiki da daidaito.
The bending of closed parts usually requires more than two processes to complete, and the material is often unloaded manually or by cylinder in the stamping tsari. One-time forming of closed parts can reduce the number of processes and the number of dies, which is conducive to improving work efficiency and product accuracy and reducing production costs.

2 Semi-kewaye harsashi tsarin da bincike tsari

Akwai harsashi da yawa da aka rufe don kayan aiki ko taron ƙarawa a cikin sassan jirgin sama. An nuna ɓangaren gidan da ke kewaye da amplifier a cikin Hoto 1, wanda kayansa shine farantin aluminium 3A21 mai kauri, kauri t = 2mm, kuma babban tsarin shine daidaitacce. Daga buƙatun daidaitaccen girman girman zane, ana iya ganin cewa ƙirar sashi, ramin ciki da girman matsayin rami ba a buƙatar su zama madaidaiciya daidai, isa matakin IT10, da radius mai lanƙwasa na ciki R na ɓangaren shine 2mm, kuma an ba da damar rage kayan cikin gida ya zama 30%.


Hoto 1 sassan rufe harsashi

Daga tsarin sashi, harsashi yana da rufaffiyar gefe guda biyar, gefen na shida ba a buɗe yake ba, bayan kammala lanƙwasa na farko, amma kuma na shida na tsarin don lanƙwasa (duba hoto 2). Daga girman lanƙwasa a cikin Hoto na 1, lanƙwasa ta farko ba ta da wahalar samarwa, amma girman ɓangaren lanƙwasa flange na biyu ƙarami ne kuma akwai matsala cewa ba za a iya fitar da injin ba bayan lanƙwasa. Bugu da ƙari, ɓangaren yana buƙatar sarrafa rami mai yawa bayan an gama lanƙwasa, don haka dole ne a tabbatar da girman tsarin lanƙwasa. Na biyu lanƙwasa a H / D â ‰ ˆ 1.5 (inda H yake lanƙwasa tsawo, kusan 6mm; D shine lanƙwasa diamita, kusan 4mm), lanƙwasa flange ya fi wahala, musamman radius flange da flange tsawo yayi kama, yin tsari a kafa yana da sauƙi don samar da tsagewar jan hankali, don haka dole ne a aiwatar da tsarin da ya dace. A lokaci guda, saboda ɓangaren sama da kusurwar kusurwar dama mai lanƙwasa sashi ya fi guntu, ɗayan kuma a buɗe yake, don haka ƙarfin ƙarfinsa da aka yi akan alwati mai wucewa ba babba bane, wato, abubuwan da suka wuce haddi ba daidai ba ne daidai da tsararren radial mai gudana a cikin tashin hankali. A akasin wannan, saboda ƙarancin ƙuntataccen abu a cikin tangential direction, kayan yana gudana galibi a cikin madaidaicin shugabanci, don haka yana haɓaka naƙasar abu sosai kuma yana ba da damar ƙirƙirar ta cikin dunƙule ɗaya.


Hoto 2 Tsarin lamba uku na harsashi

3 Semi-closed shell stamping tsari analysis

(1) Gudun aiwatarwa Ana nuna babban aikin sarrafa harsashi a cikin Table 1. Hanyoyi 10 suna cikin aikin sarrafa harsashi, daga cikin abin da babban tsarin aiwatarwa shine yanke waya da hanyoyin lanƙwasa guda biyu. Tun da ɓangaren sashi ne mai daidaituwa, siffar bayan buɗewa ba ta da rikitarwa, don haka ba a sarrafa sifar ta hanyar mutuƙar mutu, amma galibi ta hanyar yanke waya da etching na sinadarai, wanda zai iya ba da tabbacin daidaiton aiki da ƙarfin kayan a gefen. . Bayan kammala sifar da ba a bayyana ba, ana buƙatar lanƙwasa biyu, kuma akwai ɓangarori uku da za a lanƙwasa. Lanƙwasa na farko ya kammala lanƙwasa na tsawon ɓangarori huɗu na ɓangaren, kuma an nuna sashi a cikin Hoto na 3 bayan lanƙwasa da tsari; bangare na lanƙwasa na biyu shine ɓangaren da aka rufe a saman, kuma an nuna ɓangaren a hoto na 4 bayan an gama lanƙwasa.

Table 1 Babban aikin sarrafa harsashi



Hoto na 3 lanƙwasa na farko da ƙira


Hoto 4 lanƙwasa na biyu da ƙira

Shell a cikin kammala lanƙwasa na farko zai haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali saboda nakasa, sashi na biyu da aka rufe na lanƙwasa zai haifar da matsalar karkacewar matsayi. Kafin da bayan kammala lanƙwasa, za a sarrafa harsashin tare da ramukan murabba'i da ramukan hawa, waɗanda ke buƙatar daidaita su da siffa. Sabili da haka, bayan lanƙwasa na farko, ƙirar walda da cire ƙwayar tumɓir, ya zama dole don ƙera ƙirar sifa. Ana buƙatar jimlar 3 na mutu don sarrafa harsashi, ban da mutuƙar lanƙwasa ta farko da ta biyu da kuma sifar da ke biye ta mutu, don cimma cikakkiyar tambarin da ƙira.

(2) Shell yana buɗe fasali mara ƙima da ƙudurin girman Kamar yadda ake buƙatar murƙushe harsashi sau biyu, a matsayin babban garanti na girman siffar lanƙwasa, daidai lissafin girman buɗewa yana da mahimmanci, don haka dole ne a ɗauki ɓangaren ƙira na lanƙwasa na biyu. lissafi. Bayan kayyade sifar da ba a bayyana ba, yi amfani da dabarar don ƙididdige girman sifa, idan ya cancanta, zaku iya ƙayyade girman ƙarshe na ƙarshe ta hanyar lanƙwasa gwaji.

Siffar ƙarshe tana da ma'ana, ɓangarenta mai lanƙwasawa gwargwadon hanyar ƙididdiga na ɓangarorin lanƙwasa na al'ada ana iya ƙididdige girman girman wannan ɓangaren kusurwar lanƙwasa 90 °, mara faɗin kuma buɗe tsawon.

Inda, L shine jimlar tsawon faɗin (mm); l 1, l 2 don madaidaicin gefen gefen (mm); r don lanƙwasa radius (mm); x don daidaitaccen ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'ida, bisa ga Table 2; t don kaurin abin da ba komai (mm).

Teburin 2 daidaitaccen daidaitaccen matsin lamba coefficient x darajar


Kaurin sashin harsashi t = 2mm, lanƙwasa radius r = 2mm, don haka daidaitaccen matsin lamba mai canzawa x = 0.32, gwargwadon zanen samfurin harsashi da zane -zane, ana lissafin tsawon buɗe kowane sashi. Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga buƙatun lanƙwasa ƙarfe, ramin aiwatarwa 4 × Ï † 1.5mm an ƙera shi a ɓangaren da ɓangarorin 4 ke buƙatar lanƙwasa, kuma ana nuna zane na ƙarshe na ƙarshe a cikin hoto 5.


Hoto na 5 Shell ba ya bayyana

4 Semi-kewaye harsashi stamping mutu zane

Ana buƙatar saiti guda uku na mutuƙar don kammala babban aikin sassan sassan harsashi da aka haɗa, gami da mutuƙar lanƙwasa da siffar mutuƙar don babban tsari, da lanƙwasawa a rufe.

(1) lankwasawamutu design The bending of the whole structure of the shell is the first bending, which needs to be carried out with the help of bending dies. Figure 6 shows the bi-directional bending mold structure, need to be combined with special equipment for clamping, the main structure of the mold for bending type tire 10, its four faces for bending positioning surface, in the bending process, using the holes on the platen 2 for positioning, followed by bending of the four sides. Clamping block 9 is cylindrical, bending the part will be fixed in the vise, each stamping tsari can be completed one side of the bending, cylindrical structure can ensure that the four sides of the bending random rotation, and thus ensure a bending in place.



Siffa 6 Na lankwasa irin harsashin taya
1-Gano fil 2-Farantin farantin 3-dunƙule mai kusurwa huɗu 4-goro mai kusurwa biyar 5-Babban dunƙule 6-Dunƙule don T-slot 7-Ƙananan farantin ƙwanƙwasa 8 -Hexagon soket head cap dunƙule 9-dunƙule 10-lanƙwasa irin taya 11 - fil cylindrical

Kayan lanƙwasa nau'in taya 10 shine CrWMn, an kashe maganin zafi zuwa 50 ~ 55HRC don tabbatar da taurin ɓangaren kuma hana sashin ya karye; fasahar jiyya ta farfajiya ita ce Ct.O (baƙar fata da kuma maganin oxyidation); nau'in taya shine tsarin monolithic, ana buƙatar ƙimar ƙima na saman waje don isa 0.8mm. Sabili da haka, an fara amfani da injin injin, sannan yanke waya mai saurin tafiya, yayin da ake sarrafa siffar a kusa da 15 Ana iya datsa kusurwar da za a iya gyarawa ta hanyar niƙa ta aiki yayin aiwatar da gwajin ƙirar. Mould taro don sarrafa rata tsakanin farantin matsa lamba 2 da lanƙwasa nau'in taya 10, ƙimar rata gaba ɗaya 1.1t (t shine kaurin ƙimar harsashi). Ramin ramukan a kan farantin ƙwanƙwasa don tabbatar da daidaiton matsi, yakamata a yi shi da farantin matsa lamba.

(2) shaping mutu design After the shell bending is completed, the size correction also needs to use the shaping die (see Figure 7), shaping in the 63t hydraulic press. The mold can ensure the consistency of the size of the inner cavity of the shell by expanding the shape during the stamping tsari. The die is divided into three main parts, the stripper plate 3, the positioning plate 6 and the legs 7 are installed in the lower part of the machine, and the shell is placed in the positioning plate. When shaping, the mold tire 2 is placed on the top of the shell, then the upper mold pushes the handle 13 and the pallet 12 downward under the action of the hydraulic machine slider, which makes the mold tire all enter the shell slowly under the action of external force, and the upper mold continues to move downward until it reaches the depth of the shell, then the part will be naturally released from the stripper plate under the action of the insert plate 1.


Hoto na 7 Selin sifa
1 - farantin sakawa 2 - taya mai siffa 3 - farantin faɗuwa 4, 8 - fil ɗin cylindrical 5, 10 - zaren hexagonal 6 - faifai 7 - kafafu 9 -Plate 11 -Babban farantin 12 -pallets 13 -Handle

A cikin ƙirar ƙirar, ana buƙatar cewa an rufe tsakiyar ramin ciki bayan haɗuwa da farantin farantin 3 da farantin sakawa 6, kuma saman kasan kafafu 7 dole ne su zama ruwa bayan taro na stripper plate 3 da kafafu 7. Babban ɓangaren sifar sifa shine nau'in taya, tsarin shine monolithic, don ƙara ƙarfi, kayan shine T7A kayan aikin ƙarfe na ƙarfe, maganin zafi yana kashewa zuwa 50 ~ 55 HRC, farfajiya fasahar magani ga Ct.O. Don yin sassaƙƙun sassauƙa daga cikin ƙirar, ƙimar ƙimar waje ta waje da ake buƙata don isa 0.8μm, don haka girman sifar sa mai ƙima ta amfani da adadin milling, maganin zafin zafi yana kashewa zuwa 50 ~ 55 HRC, girman Ƙarshe na ƙarshe injin nika don tabbatarwa. Yawancin sassan faranti da suka rage suna amfani da kayan ƙarfe 45, buƙatun magani na zafi don 30 ~ 35HRC, jiyya ta ƙasa Ct.O, don tabbatar da cewa bayyanar sassan filastik ba su lalace ba, zaɓin pallet na katako sandwich.

Sanya farantin 6, farantin farantin karfe 3 akan ramin fil da sarrafa rami don tabbatar da daidaitaccen matsayi, taro mai ƙyalli ta amfani da haɗin madaidaitan fil da sukurori don tabbatar da cewa farantin farantin 3 da saka farantin 6 haɗin cibiyar tsakiyar ramin ciki. Kafafu da hannayen hannu galibi ana sarrafa su ta juyawa lamba, kuma ana iya gyara girman tsayin bayan taro.

(3) Semi-rufe a kashi na biyu na lanƙwasa madogarar ɓangarorin rufin da ke lanƙwasa matsalolin aiki, Hoto na 8 shine nau'in taya mai lanƙwasa na biyu, galibi don kammala sauran ɓangaren rufin da ke lanƙwasa. Domin tabbatar da cewa bayan kammala tayoyin lanƙwasa na iya fitowa daga ramin da aka rufe, ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar mai lanƙwasa cikin tsarin Haff - mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren madaidaiciyar ƙyallen ƙyallen, sauran sassan taya. tare da shi, ƙirar ramukan dunƙule na M8 a kowane ɓangaren taya, mai sauƙin cirewa. Lokacin lanƙwasawa, da farko saka matashin kai a cikin harsashi, sannan sanya taya da tsinke bi da bi, sannan lanƙwasa ta masu ƙulla; bayan an gama lanƙwasa, da farko cire ɓangaren maƙallan, bar sarari ga sauran sassan taya, sannan a fitar da bi da bi.


Hoto na 8 an rufe shi a ƙwanƙwasa mai lanƙwasa na biyu
1 - kushin 2 - taya A 3 - taya B 4 - taya C 5 - tsinke 6 - taya D

Kayan da aka yi amfani da su don gyaran sassan 2 zuwa 6 a cikin Hoto na 8 sune T7A, tare da buƙatun maganin zafi na 50 zuwa 55 HRC don tabbatar da taurin ɓangaren rarrabuwar kawuna; kushin 1 yana amfani da ƙarfe 45 na talakawa. Lokacin da aka sarrafa ƙirar, ana yin farantin tushe lokacin da ake gyara nau'in taya da ƙyallen rami, kuma ana amfani da ramin dunƙule na M8 don samar da ɓangaren gabaɗaya, kuma ana gyara girman sifar kowane nau'in taya don tabbatar da girman. na nau'in taya shine 198mm × 95.7mm × 106mm kuma ya cika buƙatun haƙuri. Bayan kammala gyaran, kowane nau'in taya an yi masa alama da A, B, C da D gwargwadon wurin da aka nuna a cikin zane, wanda ya dace don amfani.

5 Kammalawa

Kwandon da aka yi nazari a cikin wannan takarda yana cikin rufaffiyar sifa. Ta hanyar tsari mai dacewa da ƙiram kyawon tsayuwa, ana kauracewa matsalar kutse na lanƙwasa kuma an kammala sarrafa sassan da ke da rufi, wanda ke ba da ishara don samar da irin waɗannan sassan ƙarfe na ƙarfe a nan gaba.