Shan jikin bawulmachining tsaria matsayin misali, an gabatar da abun cikin tsari da tsarin tsaftacewa a cibiyar kera. Ta hanyar daidaita hanyar aiwatarwa da sake dawo da ma'anar matsayi a cikin aikin gamawa, an warware matsalar flange huɗar matsayi sama da bambancin da aka samu ta hanyar kuskuren saka shingen V-dimbin yawa.

Jikin bawul shine babban sassan samfuran injunan bawul, gabaɗaya suna taka rawa wajen ɗaukar matsin lamba. Tsarin sassan jikin bawul ɗin yana da rikitarwa, baƙon abu gabaɗaya ana yin shi ta hanyar simintin gyare -gyare, kayan gabaɗaya ana yin ƙarfe da ƙarfe na ƙarfe, 'yan kayan bakin karfe. Wannan takarda tana gabatar da kayan aikin bawul ɗin kamfani shine ƙarfe ƙarfe, ta hanyar gabatarwar bawul ɗin a cikin tsarin sarrafa cibiyar a tsaye da tsayayye, wanda ya haifar da ainihin aikin ramin bawul ɗin dangi zuwa tsakiyar matsayin tunani na matsalar. na matsanancin talauci, don rama katangar mai sifar V za ta haifar da lahani na saka matsayi, ta hanyar daidaita hanyar aiwatarwa don warware matsalar cikin wayo.

1 tsarin bawul ɗin jiki na asali
Hoto 1 yana nuna sassan jikin bawul ɗin kamfani, kayan shine HT250. buƙatun fasaha sune: â 'simintin gyare-gyare yakamata yayi daidai da tanadin GB/T 12229-2005. shall ‘¡Ana bukukuwan sallah. round '¢ simintin gyare -gyare da ba a saka ba R3 ~ R5mm. £ 'Ƙimar sarrafa haƙuri ba tare da izini ba gwargwadon ka'idodin GB 1804-79 H14 (h14) js15. p‘¤ ¤arfin kujerar bawul E410, taurin 33 ~ 38HRC bayan zazzabi, kauri ‰ ¥ 2mm bayan sarrafawa. ¥ '¥ jefa kalma bisa ga 50J41H-160-01a / A.
Hoto 1 hole † 88H7, hole † 110H7 rami, † † 205h8 da † † 215h8 da'irar waje na madaidaicin madaidaici, shine mahimmancin girman ɓangaren. Kamfanin yana amfani da lathe a kwance ɗaya, madaidaiciyar lathe ɗaya da cibiyar kera madaidaiciya (tare da teburin juzu'i na huɗu da faifan wutsiya) don kera.
Hoto 1 Baɓin sassan jiki
The machining tsariroute of the part is as follows: rough and finish turning φ215mm outer circle and end face respectively by horizontal lathe → rough and finish boring φ88H7 inner hole → turning head rough and finish turning φ215mm outer circle and end face → rough and finish boring φ88H7 inner hole.
Canja lathe a tsaye zuwa m kuma gama juyawa Ï 5 205h8 da'irar waje da ƙarshen fuska rough † 'm da gama m Ï hole hole 110H7 rami rough †' m da gama juyawa Ï † 53mm rami saman ƙarshen fuska â † 'm Ï mm 53mm rami kuma Hole mm rami 50mm.

Canza cibiyar kera ta tsaye, juya teburin juyawa zuwa 90 ° don yin rami hole mm 25mm rami a saman ƙarshen Ï † 215mm don barin gefe bore bore 'bore Ï † 25mm rami † †' juya teburin juyawa zuwa 0 ° don haƙa hole mm 22mm rami a saman ƙarshen ƙarshen Ï † 205mm don barin gefe bore † bore bore bore mm mm mm 22mm rami rot † rot juyawa teburin juyawa zuwa -90 ° don haƙa hole mm 25mm rami a saman ƙarshen ƙarshen † † 215mm don barin gefe bore † 'bore Ï mm 25mm rami.

2 Tsarin tsayayyen kayan aikin cibiyar tsaftacewa
Aikace -aikacen kayan aikin injin na tsaye yana sarrafa ramuka 3 akan fuskar ƙarshen ƙarshen. Don haɓaka ingantaccen aiki, kayan aikin injin an sanye shi da juzu'i na huɗu na juzu'i da juzu'i na diski, don a iya kammala aikin ramin a cikin saiti ɗaya. An zaɓi tsakiyar Ï 5 215mm da'irar waje azaman matsayin sakawa, kuma kayan aikin yana iyakance zuwa digiri na 4 na 'yanci ta hanyar sanya V-block akan da'irar waje; sauran zaɓin matsayi an zaɓi shi azaman tsakiyar Ï 5 205mm da'irar waje, kuma kayan aikin yana iyakance zuwa digiri na 2 na 'yanci ta hanyar sanya V-block akan da'irar ta waje. Ta wannan hanyar, an ƙuntata duk matakan 6 na 'yanci na kayan aikin. An nuna kayan aikin a cikin Hoto 2, kuma an zaɓi maƙallan matattarar a kan da'irar waje. Hoto 2 Tsayarwa 1 - Tushen gyara 2 - Ƙusoshin goyan bayan daidaitawa (2) 3 - Shortan dunƙule dunƙule shida (6) 4 - Taimako mara daidaituwa 5 - Flat platen B tsawo (2) 6 - Ƙwayoyin da ba su dace ba da ƙulle -ƙulle da kai biyu (2) nau'i -nau'i) 7 - Kafaffen V -toshe 8 - Gajerun fil na gano wuri (4) 9 - Tallafi mara daidaituwa 10 - Dogon gano wuri (4) 11 - V -toshe (2) 12 - Dogayen shugaban cuku mai kusurwa huɗu (4) 13- matsawa soket matsawa sukurori

3 Nazarin dalilan kurakuran injin
Kayan da aka nuna a cikin siffa 2 an ƙera shi a tsayecibiyar mashinequipped with a fourth-axis rotary table and tailstock, and when the machining was completed and tested, there was a problem with the position of the hole being out of tolerance. Previously, the cibiyar mashinpassed the JB/T 8771.7-1998 standard test material acceptance requirements. According to the accuracy of the standard test material, the position of the hole on the part diagram can meet the requirements. The problem may lie in the fixture. The positioning error of the fixture is divided into datum movement error and datum non-reconnection error. Analysis of the valve body originalaikiprocess route can be seen, turning φ215mm outer circle and φ88mm bore benchmark is the use of mutual benchmark principle processing, are the outer circle center as the benchmark, turning φ205h8 using special fixture, is also the outer circle center as the benchmark for turning. In the vertical cibiyar mashinmachine tool is also around the outer circle center as the reference for processing, according to the analysis of the drawing, the design reference and positioning reference is always overlap, so there is no benchmark non-overlap error. The positioning element of the fixture on the vertical cibiyar mashinis the V-block, and the V-block positioning usually has the datum movement error, which is calculated as ΔY = δd/[2sin (α/2)], where ΔY is the datum movement error (see Figure 3), δd is the tolerance of the outer diameter of the workpiece, and α is the angle between the two limit surfaces of the V-block. Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of the base shift error
Kuskuren V-toshe da aka zaɓa a cikin wannan takarda shine 90 °, kuma juriya na diamita na waje shine 0.072mm, don haka ana iya kammala cewa kuskuren motsi na tunani shine 0.051mm, yayin da darajar haƙuri da ake buƙata akan zane shine 0.05mm , don haka a bayyane yake cewa kuskuren matsayi ya wuce haƙurin matsayi, wanda ba zai iya biyan buƙatun sarrafawa ba, kuma ana iya yin hukunci cewa matsayin da ya mamaye yana da alaƙa da kuskuren saka V-block.

4 Magani
Dalilin matakin matsayi da tsayin daka ya wuce haƙuri da aka samu, a wannan lokacin akwai mafita 3.
1ï¼ ‰ Shirye-shiryen 1: Canja abubuwan sakawa, da ɗaukar hanyar sanya jirgin sama don saman madauwari guda 3, wanda zai iya rage kuskuren motsi na tunani, amma ba magani bane, kuma ba zai iya magance matsalar wucewar wuri sosai ba .
2ï¼ ‰ Shirin 2: Ƙara tsari don gama juyawa Ï 5 205h8 da † 5 215h8 diamita na waje zuwa † 5 205h6 da Ï † 215h6 daidai, wanda zai iya rage kuskuren motsi na datum zuwa 0.02mm, wanda zai iya rage tasirin tasiri sosai kuskuren digiri, kuma ya fi shirin 1. Hasara ita ce latheaikiaccuracy requirements are higher, reducing theaikiefficiency and increasing the manufacturing cost, and from the perspective of mass production, it is difficult to ensure this accuracy, the program is very "chicken".
3) Zaɓin 3: Canja gabaɗayan hanyar aiwatar da jikin bawul ɗin. Alamar ƙira akan zane ita ce tsakiyar huda, kuma ana ƙara aikin gamawa mai ƙima kafin hakowa a cikin tsari na tsaye don sake daidaita kuskuren motsi na asali wanda V-block yake sanyawa, kuma an soke aikin gama gari akan duk lathe, don hanyar hanyar asali ta zama: m da gama juyawa circle 5 215mm da'irar waje da ƙarshen fuska bi da bi tare da lathe a kwance rough † 'm da gama m Ï † H 88H7 huda turning † turning' juyawa mara kyau da gama juyawa † † 215mm da'irar waje da ƙare fuska â † rough rough rough rough rough rough rough rough rough rough rough H H H H H H H H H H turning turning turning turning turning turning turning turning turning turning turning turning turning turning turning turning turning turning 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 face face face face hole hole hole hole hole hole hole hole hole hole hole hole hole hole hole hole hole.
Canza lathe a tsaye zuwa m kuma gama juyawa Ï 5 205h8 da'irar waje da ƙarshen fuska rough † 'm m Ï hole 110H7 rami rough †' juyawa mai juyawa † mm 53mm rami saman ƙarshen fuska b † 'm' hole mm 53mm rami da Ï † 50mm rami .
Canza cibiyar injin tsaye, juya teburin juyawa zuwa 90 ° don gama m Ï † H H H H H H H H H H H mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm 25mm tebur zuwa 0 ° don ƙare m â † 110H7 ramiâ † 'gama milling † mm 53mm rami saman ƙarshen fuska d' 'rawar soja † † 22mm rami akan † 5 205mm ƙarshen ƙarshen fuska don barin ma'aunin' 'm' 'rami 22mmâ' 'juyawa teburin juyawa zuwa -90 ° don gama m -† † H H H H H H H H d d d mm mm mm mm 25mm rami akan face 5 215mm fuskar ƙarshen ƙarshen don barin gefe bore bore bore bore hole hole rami 25mm.
Ta wannan hanyar, ana iya rage tasirin kuskuren motsi na datum zuwa sifili. Matsayi da daidaituwa duk an tabbatar dasu ta daidaiton kayan aikin injin. Rage kayan aikin juyawa guda biyu don ƙarewa, haɓaka kayan aiki masu ban sha'awa guda biyu da injin daskarewa guda ɗaya, ƙimar kayan aikin da aka yarda da su, ƙaramin canji a cikin yawan aiki, babu tasiri akan ƙarfin samarwa, shine mafita mai yuwuwa.

An yanke shawara ta ƙarshe don zaɓar zaɓi na 3 don magance matsalar ramin matsayin rami.

5 Kammalawa
A taƙaice, ana iya ganin cewa akwai kuskure wajen sakawa tare da V-toshe, don haka an sake daidaita matsayin matsayin yayin kammala aikin, kuma an daidaita hanyoyin da suka dace don magance matsalar matsayin matsayin rami sama-sama wanda V- Kuskuren matsayi na toshe. A baya, koyaushe muna cikin damuwa saboda rashin fahimtar cewa da'irar waje da ramin ciki na lathe datum ɗaya ne, kuma sun yi watsi da bambanci tsakanin matsayin chuck da V-block positioning, wanda ya haifar da karancin tsarin tsarin bawul ɗin jiki. Maganin da aka karɓa a cikin takarda yana ba da ƙwarewar tunani don gabaaikin gamawatare da yanayin sakawa V-block.